Nuku'alofa is the capital and the chief port of the island country of Tonga in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Located on the northern shore of Tongatapu Island, Nuku'alofa is the country's largest city and main port. It has a very deep harbor that is protected by reefs from erosion by the wind and sea. Almost all economic, administrative, and tourist activity in Tonga occurs in the city.
One of Nuku'alofa's chief attractions is its red-roofed Royal Palace. It was built between 1865 and 1867. Other historical sites are the Royal Tombs and a large Wesleyan church. A broadcasting studio is located in a modern building in the city. Nuku'alofa is the site of an extension center of the University of the South Pacific and a school for training teachers. Fua'amotu International Airport is 14 miles (22 kilometers) away.
Nuku'alofa's economy relies on exporting copra (dried coconut), squash, bananas, vanilla, and traditional handicrafts. The government has begun several development projects to encourage other economic activities, such as light industry and tourism.
The government owns all land in Nuku'alofa. It rents a plot of land to every male over 16 years old. Because the population has grown, there are now land shortages and unemployment.
The Dutch navigator Abel Janszoon Tasman docked at Nuku'alofa in 1643. The city's history is tied to that of Tonga. Population (1999 estimate), 37,000.
